32-bit processors: the non-x86 microprocessors

iAPX 432

• Introduced January 1, 1981 as Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor
• Multi-chip CPU; Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor
• Object/capability architecture
• Microcoded operating system primitives
• One terabyte virtual address space
• Hardware support for fault tolerance
• Two-chip General Data Processor (GDP), consists of 43201 and 43202
• 43203 Interface Processor (IP) interfaces to I/O subsystem
• 43204 Bus Interface Unit (BIU) simplifies building multiprocessor systems
• 43205 Memory Control Unit (MCU)
• Architecture and execution unit internal data paths 32 bit
• Clock speeds:
• 5 MHz
• 7 MHz
• 8 MHz

i960 aka 80960

• Introduced April 5, 1988
• RISC-like 32-bit architecture
• Predominantly used in embedded systems
• Evolved from the capability processor developed for the BiiN joint venture with Siemens
• Many variants identified by two-letter suffixes.

i860 aka 80860

• Introduced February 27, 1989
• Intel's first superscalar processor
• RISC 32/64-bit architecture, with pipeline characteristics very visible to programmer
• Used in Intel Paragon massively parallel supercomputer

XScale

• Introduced August 23, 2000
• 32-bit RISC microprocessor based on the ARM architecture
• Many variants, such as the PXA2xx applications processors, IOP3xx I/O processors and IXP2xxx and IXP4xx network processors.